ĭescribing himself as a well-behaved boy-his father called him his "little lamb without a spot"-Hitchcock said he could not remember ever having had a playmate. Hitchcock said that he first became class-conscious there, noticing the differences between tourists and locals. Every summer, his uncle rented a seaside house for the family in Cliftonville, Kent. There was a large extended family, including uncle John Hitchcock with his five-bedroom Victorian house on Campion Road, Putney, complete with maid, cook, chauffeur and gardener. His parents were both Roman Catholics, with partial roots in Ireland His father was a greengrocer, as his grandfather had been. The Hitchcocks used the pony to deliver groceries.Īlfred Joseph Hitchcock was born on 13 August 1899 in the flat above his parents' leased greengrocer's shop at 517 High Road, Leytonstone, on the outskirts of east London (then part of Essex), the youngest of three children of Emma Jane ( née Whelan 1863–1942) and William Edgar Hitchcock (1862–1914), with a brother, William Daniel (1890–1943), and a sister, Ellen Kathleen ("Nellie") (1892–1979). 1900 the sign above the store says "W. Hitchcock". William Hitchcock, probably with his first son, William, outside the family shop in London, c. Biography Early life: 1899–1919 Early childhood and education He received the BAFTA Fellowship in 1971, the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1979, and was knighted in December of that year, four months before his death on 29 April 1980. As of 2021, nine of his films had been selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry, including his personal favourite, Shadow of a Doubt (1943). In 2012, Hitchcock's psychological thriller Vertigo, starring Stewart, displaced Orson Welles' Citizen Kane (1941) as the British Film Institute's greatest film ever made based on its world-wide poll of hundreds of film critics. Hitchcock became an American citizen in 1955. A Hitchcock film is an organism, with the whole implied in every detail and every detail related to the whole." Hitchcock made multiple films with some of the biggest stars in Hollywood, including four with Cary Grant in the 1940s and 1950s, three with Ingrid Bergman in the second half of the 1940s, four with James Stewart over a decade commencing in 1948, and three consecutive with Grace Kelly in the mid-1950s. The film critic Robin Wood wrote that the meaning of a Hitchcock film "is there in the method, in the progression from shot to shot. The " Hitchcockian" style includes the use of editing and camera movement to mimic a person's gaze, thereby turning viewers into voyeurs, and framing shots to maximise anxiety and fear. The Birds (1963) and Marnie (1964) were also financially successful and are highly regarded by film historians. After a brief commercial lull, he returned to form with Strangers on a Train (1951) and Dial M for Murder (1954) he then went on to direct four films often ranked among the greatest of all time: Rear Window (1954), Vertigo (1958), North by Northwest (1959) and Psycho (1960), the first and last of these garnering him Best Director nominations. Rebecca won the Academy Award for Best Picture, with Hitchcock nominated as Best Director he was also nominated for Lifeboat (1944) and Spellbound (1945). A string of successful films followed, including Rebecca (1940), Foreign Correspondent (1940), Suspicion (1941), Shadow of a Doubt (1943), and Notorious (1946). Selznick persuaded him to move to Hollywood. By 1939, he had international recognition and producer David O. His thrillers The 39 Steps (1935) and The Lady Vanishes (1938) are ranked among the greatest British films of the 20th century. His first successful film, The Lodger: A Story of the London Fog (1927), helped to shape the thriller genre, and Blackmail (1929) was the first British " talkie". His directorial debut was the British-German silent film The Pleasure Garden (1925). Hitchcock initially trained as a technical clerk and copywriter before entering the film industry in 1919 as a title card designer. His films garnered 46 Academy Award nominations, including six wins, although he never won the award for Best Director despite five nominations. Known as the "Master of Suspense", he became as well known as any of his actors thanks to his many interviews, his cameo roles in most of his films, and his hosting and producing the television anthology Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1955–65). In a career spanning six decades, he directed over 50 feature films, many of which are still widely watched and studied today. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in the history of cinema. Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock KBE (13 August 1899 – 29 April 1980) was an English filmmaker.
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